Blog Category: Import Export

Non-oil bilateral trade between UAE and South Korea has grown 19% in the first quarter of 2022 to $1.3 billion. The UAE is the only country in the Middle East which has a special strategic partnership with South Korea. South Korea invests $2 billion in the UAE and UAE invests $637 million in South Korea. The UAE has 100 double taxation treaties and 67 bilateral investment treaties and 40 freezones with benefits such as tax incentives and exemptions, 100 per cent business ownership without the need of a national agent and long-term visas.

China currently processes 90% of the world’s rare earths and 60% of lithium. Lithium is a crucial component in electric car battery manufacturing. Europe is implementing the European Critical Raw Materials Act to avoid falling into the oil & gas trap where it is completely dependent on other countries for its energy. But at the same time has decided to deem three lithium salts as “known human reproductive toxicants,” which makes things even more complicated. China dominates global lithium processing and therefore supply. Prices have risen 50-90% in the past year. Europe has decided to take action to diversify the supply chain away from China to avoid future reliance.

The UK has signed a free trade deal with Australia since leaving the European Union. It was the first free trade deal to be signed. It is expected to increase trade with Australia by 53% boosting the economy by £2.3 billion. Australian exports already support more than 100,000 UK jobs and demand is expected to grow by 30% over the next decade. UK food and drink exports to Australia will be tariff free. Biscuits, whisky, gin and cheese are expected to grow in demand due to high quality UK produce. Australia is already the 8th largest market for UK whisky exports.

The UK’s National Security and Investment (NSI) Act came into force in January of this year and has since blocked FDI not only to do with transactions but licensing, as in the case of a robotics technology developed by Manchester University and attempted licensing by Beijing Infinite Vision Technology. Business minister Kwasi Karteng issued a final order on the attempt by the Chinese company to license the sensing technology called SCAMP 5 and SCAMP 7 citing security risks. This was the first case of a blocking and did not apply to a transaction but licensing so the legislation has further reaching scope than one might think at first sight. It blocked the licensing stating that the technology could be used in defence applications although the Beijing company said it was to be used for children’s toys.

Investment Monitor says that FDI in the chemical sector is slow to recover after the pandemic with other sectors gaining pace back to pre-pandemic levels faster. The number of chemical projects in Asia Pacific dropped by 27% in 2020 compared to 2019 but regained in 2021, still slightly down on 2019 pre-pandemic levels. Western Europe and Asia-Pacific account for half of global chemical FDI. China overtook US as the leading country to attract inbound investment into chemical projects but UAE is the fastest growing region. Manufacturing sector accounts for two thirds of operations for chemical use.

Supply chain issues caused by the pandemic touched every area of business and personal lives. GlobalData created the supply chain vulnerability index map showing US as most vulnerable and Germany as least vulnerable. GlobalData is headquartered in the United Kingdom so that should clear up any doubts about independence. The UK is apparently somewhere towards the lower end of vulnerability. Since the pandemic we have seen nations wholesale decoupling their supply chain from China to avoid overreliance on it and a repeat of the troubles during COVID.

A new study has shown that projects that mention Environment, Social & Governance are driving FDI at an increasing rate across the globe. Sustainable investing can bring about sustainable development especially in emerging economies. Usually, the result of FDI is a degradation of natural resources or ecosystems. The race to net zero brought about by climate change research resulting in organisations and countries committing to reduce their damage to the atmosphere and environment has accelerated DI as it gives the world a new topic to develop and invest in. GlobalData’s Company Filings Analytics Trends & Signals Q1 2022 report measures mentions of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in FDI projects which was 23% higher in 22Q1 that 21Q4.

You may have seen the headlines – Nigeria won $223m FDI in the first 5 months of 2022. The real picture, as usual, is a little more complex. Although this figure is up on the 2021 amount in the same period, it is down almost 30% on the same period in 2020. Now whilst global FDI is declining across the board, in 2021 Africa itself reported $44bn increase in 2021 from 2020. West Africa FDI, where Nigeria is located, increased by $5bn from $9bn to $14bn. Whereas Nigeria reported a decline from 2020 to 2021. Predictions for 2022 are dire due to political instability and rising interest rates leading to a loss of benefit for portfolio investors who use arbitrage when interest rates are low at home, to invest in emerging economies. That opportunity now becomes lost because high interest rates in the home country deletes any benefit.

Investor state arbitration is when a company claims a breach of a state’s obligation to protect the investment it made when the company entered the country. A claim can be made if a bilateral investment treaty exists between the headquarter country and host country, and in some cases if a free trade agreement exists. If you enter a country that has a bilateral or free trade agreement with your home country, you may be able to enact investor state arbitration if the host country does not fulfil its obligations to you which is cheaper faster and less public than litigation.

In June 2022 Pakistan has attracted the highest level of FDI since October 2020 according to a report. The results indicate recovery after the pandemic. Pakistan has had a troubled few years what with the latest development Prime Minister Imran Khan forced out of the position to be replaced by the brother of the Pakistan Muslim League-N (PMLN) candidate accused of corruption and the economic crisis including dwindling foreign currency reserves and higher fiscal and current account deficits.